Refrigeration can be defined as the process of transferring heat from a low temperature region to a high temperature region i.e. the process of cooling a substance. This can be achieved only if the heat is removed from the substance and air conditioning is the process of controlling and maintaining the properties of sir like temperature, humidity, purity, flow direction in a closed space. Refrigeration technology concerns the movement of heat energy from a lower to higher temperature level.Heating would be provided by primary fuels such as oil, gas or electric resistance, and cooling with dedicated air conditioning systems discarding heat to atmosphere
taking advantage of physical law to convert liquid to gas, it absorbs heat.To keep cooling efficiently, the air conditioner will convert the refrigerant gas back to a liquid again. Thus, engineers should be aware of the principles, nomenclature and applications of refrigeration and air conditioning systems.