Material science is the foundation course for almost all branch of engineering. The subject deals with the fundamental study of crystal, atomic structure and mechanical behaviour of materials.Concept of formation of alloys, phase diagrams, Mechanism of solidification, Homogenous and Heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth in materials are discussed in detail.Deformation characteristic under different loading conditions and mechanisms of strengthening in metals is most important in the selection of materials for any engineering applications. Study of different types of loading and the corresponding failure mechanism is critical in almost all engineering/consumer products from durability point of view is been elaboratively discussed. To improve the system/product performance processes of heat treatment of various alloys and their effectiveness for strengthening the materials is of importance. Understanding the properties and potentialities of various materials available and material selection procedures are also been discussed.